
Unknown author · Public domain · Source
Person1035 – 1099
Pope Urban II
Pope (r. 1088–1099) who launched the First Crusade with his call at the Council of Clermont in 1095

Unknown author · Public domain · Source
Pope (r. 1088–1099) who launched the First Crusade with his call at the Council of Clermont in 1095
At the Council of Clermont Pope Urban II called on Christians to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule, setting the crusading movement in motion.

Byzantine emperor (r. 1081–1118) whose appeal to the pope for Western soldiers against the Seljuks unexpectedly set off the Crusades
From the Council of Clermont to the fall of Acre — two centuries of war between Latin Europe and the Islamic world over the Holy Land