Battle of Jieting
Also called: Jieting
On Zhuge Liang’s first northern expedition his vanguard commander Ma Su disobeyed orders and camped on a hilltop; Wei’s Zhang He cut off his water and routed him. Zhuge Liang withdrew and had Ma Su executed.
In the spring of 228 Zhuge Liang advanced to Mount Qi, and Wei’s commanderies of Nan’an, Tianshui and Anding went over to Shu. He sent Ma Su ahead to hold the key pass of Jieting, but Ma Su disobeyed his instructions, left the water and camped on the hill. Wei’s Zhang He cut the path to the water and attacked; Ma Su’s army collapsed, and Zhuge Liang, his position lost, fell back to Hanzhong. He executed Ma Su to atone to the army and asked to be demoted three grades. The idiom "weeping, he beheaded Ma Su" comes from this episode.