Explorationc. 723–727

Hyecho’s Pilgrimage to the Five Indian Kingdoms

The Silla monk Hyecho sailed to India, toured the five Indian kingdoms and Central Asia, and returned to Tang to write the Wang ocheonchukguk jeon.

Wang ocheonchukguk jeon, Hyecho’s travel record found at Dunhuang, Bibliothèque nationale de France
Wang ocheonchukguk jeon, Hyecho’s travel record found at Dunhuang, Bibliothèque nationale de France

Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · Public domain · Source

After going to Tang, Hyecho sailed to India around 723, visited the Buddhist sites of the five Indian regions, recorded what he heard of Persia and the Arabs, and crossed Central Asia to reach Tang’s Anxi Protectorate at Kucha in 727. Scholars differ somewhat on his dates and route.

His account is a rare record of the religion, customs and politics of 8th-century India and Central Asia. In 1908 Paul Pelliot found an abridged manuscript, missing its beginning and end, in the Mogao Caves at Dunhuang; it is now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Hyecho later translated esoteric scriptures in Tang.

The map in AD 723

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States and rulers at the time
Silla — King Seongdeok
Tang — Emperor Xuanzong
Places
Mogao Caves, Dunhuang

People

  • HyechoAD 704 – AD 787

    author · Silla monk who sailed to India, travelled the five regions of India and Central Asia and wrote the Wang ocheonchukguk jeon

Before and after

Related works

Themes that include this event

  • Sui, Tang and the East Asian WorldAD 317 – AD 979

    From the divided Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Gupta age through the Sui and Tang empires to the founding of the Song — the age when an East Asian world sharing law codes, Buddhism, Confucianism and Chinese characters took shape, and Korea and Japan built their states on its model

  • The Rise of the Islamic WorldAD 570 – 1055

    From the revelation to Muhammad to the Seljuk entry into Baghdad — 450 years in which a new faith from Arabia built a civilisation stretching from Iberia to Central Asia and reached as far as Silla by sea