ReligionJanuary 1801(Lunar)

Catholic Persecution of 1801

Queen Jeongsun banned Catholicism and had Yi Seung-hun and about a hundred believers executed; Jeong Yak-yong and his brother were exiled.

Sahak jingui, 1801 records of the interrogated Catholics, Seosomun Shrine History Museum
Sahak jingui, 1801 records of the interrogated Catholics, Seosomun Shrine History Museum

Ethan Doyle White · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

Ruling as regent for the young King Sunjo, Queen Jeongsun banned Catholicism as a heresy. Yi Seung-hun, Jeong Yak-jong and the Chinese priest Zhou Wenmo were executed, and Jeong Yak-yong and Jeong Yak-jeon were exiled to Gangjin and Heuksando, a heavy blow to the Southerner faction.

The persecution intensified when the believer Hwang Sa-yeong was caught trying to send a silk letter to the bishop in Beijing asking for Western troops to secure religious freedom.

The map in 1801

OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles © OpenStreetMap contributors

States and rulers at the time
Joseon — Sunjo

People

  • Queen Jeongsun1745 – 1805

    leader · Regent for the young Sunjo who launched the 1801 persecution of Catholics

  • Sunjo1790 – 1834

    monarch · Twenty-third king of Joseon, whose reign under in-law clan rule saw the Hong Gyeong-nae rebellion

  • Jeong Yak-yong (Dasan)1762 – 1836

    related figure · Silhak scholar who helped design Hwaseong; exiled to Gangjin, where he wrote the Mongmin simseo

  • Yi Seung-hun1756 – 1801

    related figure · First Korean baptized a Catholic, in Beijing in 1784; he founded the first Korean Catholic community and was executed in 1801

  • Jeong Yak-jeon1758 – 1816

    related figure · Jeong Yak-yong's elder brother who, exiled to Heuksando in the Catholic Persecution of 1801, surveyed its sea life in the Jasan eobo

Before and after

Earlier
1800 Taekkyeon

Related works

  • Film: The Book of FishDramatizedFilm · 2021 · Lee Joon-ik
  • Documentary: History Special Episode 94: The Three Jeong Brothers: Did They Really Renounce God?Documentary · 2012 · KBS1
  • Book: Letters Sent from ExileBook · 1979 · Jeong Yak-yong (ed. and tr. Park Seok-mu)

Dramatized works (films, dramas, novels) may differ from the historical record.