Galileo Galilei
Also called: Galileo
Italian astronomer and physicist whose telescopic observations supported heliocentrism, which he was forced to recant before the Inquisition in 1633
Born in Pisa, the son of a musician, he studied medicine at the University of Pisa before turning to mathematics. Legend has it that he discovered the regular swing of the pendulum by watching a lamp sway in Pisa Cathedral. After eighteen years teaching at Padua, he named the moons of Jupiter after the Medici family and became court mathematician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He wrote in Italian rather than Latin and cast his works as dialogues so that many could read them. He went blind in old age but continued his research with his pupils.