Haile Selassie I
Also called: Tafari Makonnen, Ras Tafari
Last emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974), who appealed to the League of Nations against the Italian invasion and regained his throne in 1941
Born Tafari Makonnen, he became emperor in 1930 after serving as regent, granting Ethiopia its first written constitution and pursuing modernization. When Italian troops took the capital he went into exile in Britain, returning with British forces in 1941 to reclaim his country. He sent the Kagnew Battalion to fight for South Korea in the Korean War and led the founding of the Organization of African Unity in 1963. But after long autocratic rule and famine in the 1970s he was deposed by a military coup in 1974 and died in captivity the following year.