Kara Mustafa Pasha
Also called: Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha
Ottoman grand vizier (1676–1683) who led the second siege of Vienna and was executed after its failure
Also called: Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha
Ottoman grand vizier (1676–1683) who led the second siege of Vienna and was executed after its failure
The Ottoman grand vizier Kara Mustafa besieged the Habsburg capital Vienna for two months with a huge army but was crushingly defeated by a relief army led by King John III Sobieski of Poland.
King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (r. 1674–1696) who led the relief army that routed the Ottomans before Vienna in 1683
Three centuries in which the Ottomans of Suleiman I, the Mughals of Akbar and the Safavids of Abbas I flourished and then faltered, while across the Atlantic the slave trade and colonies transformed the Americas, leading to American independence