Tongni Gimu Amun and the Byeolgigun
The government set up the Office for Extraordinary State Affairs to manage reform (1880) and a new-style army, the Byeolgigun, trained by a Japanese officer (1881).
In December 1880 the government set up the Office for Extraordinary State Affairs on the model of the Qing Zongli Yamen, with twelve bureaus dividing diplomacy, military affairs, trade and more. In 1881 the five army garrisons were merged into two, the Muwiyeong and Jangeoyeong, and a new-style force, the Byeolgigun, was trained by the Japanese officer Horimoto Reizō.
While the new force was well treated, the old-style soldiers went thirteen months without pay. When the rice they finally received in 1882 was mixed with chaff and sand, the Imo Incident broke out, and the Daewongun, back in power, abolished both the office and the Byeolgigun.
