Conflict4 January 1951

January 4th Retreat

A Chinese offensive forced South Korean and UN forces to abandon Seoul again. After Seoul was retaken in March 1951 the front stabilized near the 38th parallel.

Endless file of refugees trekking south through the snow near Gangneung, 8 January 1951
Endless file of refugees trekking south through the snow near Gangneung, 8 January 1951

Cpl. Walter Calmus. (Army) · Public domain · Source

On 4 January 1951 a Chinese and North Korean offensive forced the government and the South Korean and UN forces to leave Seoul again, and many refugees fled south.

Counter-attacking, they retook Seoul in March 1951. The front then moved back and forth near the 38th parallel, and armistice talks began in July 1951.

The map in 1951

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States and rulers at the time
South Korea · belligerent — President Syngman Rhee
United States · UN forces — President Harry S. Truman
North Korea · belligerent — Supreme Leader Kim Il Sung
People's Republic of China · intervened — Paramount leader Mao Zedong

Before and after