Frederick Douglass
Born enslaved in Maryland, he escaped to become the leading abolitionist orator and writer, and recruited Black soldiers for the Union
Born enslaved on a Maryland plantation, he taught himself to read in secret and in 1838 escaped north disguised as a sailor. He won fame as an abolitionist orator, and his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845), had a great impact. From 1847 his newspaper The North Star argued for abolition and women’s suffrage. During the war he recruited Black soldiers for the Union and met Lincoln to protest their unequal treatment. Afterwards he served as US marshal for the District of Columbia and minister to Haiti, among other posts.