Righteous army leader who captured Hongju Fortress in 1906
He was a former vice-minister. In 1906 he raised a righteous army in Chungcheong and took Hongju fortress (today's Hongseong), but Japanese troops stormed it and many of his fighters were killed. Captured and sentenced to death, he had his sentence commuted to exile on Jindo.
Righteous armies rose across the country against the 1905 treaty: Min Jong-sik took Hongju, Choe Ik-hyeon rose at Taein, and the commoner leader Sin Dol-seok fought along the east coast.
Confucian loyalist whose memorials toppled the Daewongun and opposed opening to Japan; raised a righteous army in 1906 and died in captivity on Tsushima
Commoner righteous army leader who rose at Yeonghae in 1906 and fought in the eastern mountains, called the "Tiger of Taebaeksan"