Goguryeo’s Jindae Relief Loans

On Eul Pa-so’s advice, King Gogukcheon lent state grain to farmers in spring, to be repaid after the autumn harvest.

The aim was to stop farmers — the base of taxes and military service — from falling into slavery to nobles in lean years. The system lived on as Goryeo’s uichang and Joseon’s hwangok granaries.

Gogukcheon also turned the five clan divisions into administrative districts and fixed father-to-son succession.