Yeongnam Memorial of Ten Thousand

As A Strategy for Korea circulated, more than ten thousand Yeongnam Confucian scholars led by Yi Man-son petitioned against the reforms and relations with America.

It belongs to the 1880s stage of the Wijeong cheoksa ("defend orthodoxy, reject heterodoxy") movement, which had opposed trade with the West in the 1860s (Yi Hang-ro, Gi Jeong-jin) and the opening to Japan in the 1870s (Choe Ik-hyeon, who argued that Japan and the West were one).

The government issued a royal edict condemning heterodoxy to placate the scholars while punishing the leaders; Hong Jae-hak, who submitted a harsher memorial, was executed. The movement later fed into the righteous armies of 1895.