Person1831 – 1863

Cheoljong

Twenty-fifth king of Joseon, raised on Ganghwa and placed on the throne by the Andong Kim clan; after the 1862 uprisings he set up an office to reform the three taxes

A grandson of Prince Euneon, Jeongjo's half-brother. In 1851 restrictions on secondary sons holding office were largely lifted. In 1860 Choe Je-u founded Donghak. When the Imsul peasant uprisings that began at Jinju in 1862 spread across the three southern provinces, he set up the Office for Rectifying the Three Revenue Systems on Park Gyu-su's advice, but soon abolished it.

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3 related events

1
1777 – 1851Opening of office to secondary sons and the petitions of the junginmonarch
In late Joseon the seoeol (sons of concubines) and the jungin petitioned collectively against discrimination in office. Under Jeongjo the way opened for the seoeol, and in 1851 restrictions on them were largely lifted.
2
1800 – 1863In-law Government (Sedo Politics)monarch
For some sixty years after Jeongjo, through the reigns of Sunjo, Heonjong and Cheoljong, royal in-law clans such as the Andong Kim and Pungyang Jo monopolized power; the three taxes became corrupt and peasant revolts followed.
3
1862Jinju Uprisingmonarch
Peasants in Jinju rose against extortion by the provincial army commander; that year uprisings spread to some 70 counties in the south.

People who appear alongside

Jeongjo1752 – 1800
Twenty-second king of Joseon, founder of the Gyujanggak library and builder of Hwaseong Fortress
Park Je-ga1750 – 1805
Northern Learning scholar of secondary-son birth who served as a Gyujanggak editor; his Bukhagui urged learning from Qing and encouraging consumption to spur production
Yu Deuk-gong1748 – 1807
Gyujanggak editor of secondary-son birth whose Balhaego placed Balhae in Korean history and coined the term “Northern and Southern States”
Kim Jo-sun1765 – 1832
Andong Kim father-in-law of King Sunjo whose hold on power began the era of in-law (sedo) government
Sunjo1790 – 1834
Twenty-third king of Joseon, whose reign under in-law clan rule saw the Hong Gyeong-nae rebellion
Heonjong1827 – 1849
Twenty-fourth king of Joseon, enthroned at eight while the Pungyang Jo and Andong Kim clans fought for power; the 1839 persecution took place in his reign
Queen Jeongsun1745 – 1805
Regent for the young Sunjo who launched the 1801 persecution of Catholics
Yu Gye-chun1862
Leader of the 1862 Jinju peasant uprising

Themes this person appears in

Factional Politics in Joseon1498 – 1863
From the literati purges to in-law government — how Sarim factions moved from coexistence and checks to purges and one-faction rule, then through Tangpyeong to the dominance of a few clans
Changes in TaxationAD 755 – 1894
From land tax, tribute and labour to cash taxes in the Gabo Reform — burdens shifting from people and households to land
JinjuAD 685 – 1923
Centre of western Gyeongsang — site of the sieges of Jinju, the 1862 peasant uprising and the butchers’ equality movement