Woodrow Wilson
28th US president (1913–1921) who took America into the war in 1917 and proclaimed national self-determination and a League of Nations in his Fourteen Points; Nobel Peace Prize 1919
A political scientist and president of Princeton University, he became governor of New Jersey and then president. His “New Freedom” reforms lowered tariffs, created the Federal Reserve and strengthened antitrust law. Neutral at first, he led America into the war in 1917 and set out the principles of the post-war order in the Fourteen Points. He went to the Paris Peace Conference in person and wrote the League Covenant into the treaty, but the Senate refused to ratify Versailles and the US never joined the League. He collapsed during a speaking tour to rally support for ratification.