PersonAD 692

King Sinmun

Munmu's son and 31st king of Silla, who crushed Kim Heum-dol's revolt and strengthened royal power through the National Academy, the nine provinces and office-land grants

In 681, the year he took the throne, he crushed the rebellion of his father-in-law Kim Heum-dol and purged the true-bone aristocracy. In 682 he founded the Gukhak to teach Confucian classics such as the Analects and the Classic of Filial Piety, and completed Gameunsa in memory of his father. In 685 he divided the kingdom into nine provinces and five secondary capitals, and reorganised the army into the nine Seodang units in the capital and ten Jeong garrisons in the provinces. He granted office land that yielded only tax rights (gwallyojeon) in 687 and abolished the nogeup in 689, weakening the aristocracy’s economic base. The tale of the Manpasikjeok, a flute that drove off enemies when played, dates from his reign, and Seol Chong presented him with the parable Hwawanggye.

Where they went

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6 related events

  1. 1

    In the year of King Sinmun's accession his father-in-law Kim Heum-dol plotted rebellion and was executed; Sinmun used the affair to purge the true-bone nobility and strengthen royal power.

  2. 2

    King Sinmun completed Gameunsa, begun by his father Munmu; the legend of the Manpasikjeok, a flute received from the dragon of the East Sea, dates from this time.

  3. 3

    King Sinmun founded the Gukhak, a Confucian academy to train officials steeped in Confucian political ideals who would support the throne.

  4. 4

    King Sinmun divided the realm into nine provinces (ju) and set up five secondary capitals (sogyeong), completing the provincial system of unified Silla.

  5. 5

    King Sinmun granted office land to civil and military officials by rank; holders could collect only the land tax from it.

  6. 6

    King Sinmun abolished the nogeup stipend villages of aristocratic officials and paid them an annual grain stipend instead.

People who appear alongside

  • Kim Heum-dolAD 681

    King Sinmun's father-in-law, executed for plotting rebellion in the year of Sinmun's accession

  • King MunmuAD 626 – AD 681

    Thirtieth king of Silla, who destroyed Goguryeo, expelled Tang and completed unification

  • Seol Chong

    Wonhyo's son, who systematized idu to read the Confucian classics in Korean and wrote the parable Hwawanggye for King Sinmun

  • Gangsu

    Head-rank-six Confucian scholar of Silla whose skill at diplomatic letters served Kings Muyeol and Munmu

Themes this person appears in

  • Changes in the Land SystemAD 687 – 1950

    From nogeup to the end of office land — how the rights granted to officials shrank, and gave way to modern land ownership

  • Central Government Through the AgesAD 250 – 1899

    From the noble councils of the Three Kingdoms to the State Council, the Border Defense Council and the Gabo cabinet — how central government shifted between aristocratic consensus and royal power

  • Local Administration Through the AgesAD 250 – 1896

    From the five regions of the Three Kingdoms through nine provinces, the five circuits and two frontiers and the eight provinces to the thirteen — how directly the centre came to rule the regions

  • Military Systems Through the AgesAD 685 – 1907

    From the Nine Oath Banners to the Two Armies and Six Guards, the Five Commands and garrison system, the Five Army Camps and the Board of Marshals — armies rebuilt at every crisis

  • Educational Institutions Through the AgesAD 372 – 1943

    From the Taehak and Gukhak to the Gukjagam and Seonggyungwan, modern schools and the colonial education ordinances — state schools that trained officials and the private schools that filled the gaps

  • Changes in PagodasAD 634 – 1467

    From Baekje stone pagodas copying timber ones and Silla pagodas copying brick ones, to Unified Silla three-story pagodas and stupas, Goryeo multi-sided pagodas and Yuan-influenced marble towers

  • Cheongjuc. 700,000 years ago – 1728

    From the Heungsu child of Durubong Cave to the Jikji — Silla’s secondary capital Seowon, where the oldest surviving metal-type book was printed

  • ChungjuAD 450 – 1895

    From the Goguryeo stele to Tangeumdae — Jungwon, the middle of the Namhan River route that the Three Kingdoms fought over

  • Gyeongju57 BC – 1860

    Silla’s capital for a thousand years — tombs, pagodas, temples and bells from every age of Silla, and the birthplace of Donghak

  • Gimhae150 BC – AD 685

    From Guya of Byeonhan to Geumgwan Gaya — centre of the early Gaya league, built on iron and sea routes

  • DaeguAD 689 – 1960

    Dalgubeol, where King Sinmun tried to move his capital — where the National Debt Repayment Movement and the 2·28 student protest began

  • JinjuAD 685 – 1923

    Centre of western Gyeongsang — site of the sieges of Jinju, the 1862 peasant uprising and the butchers’ equality movement

  • JeonjuAD 685 – 1894

    From Wansanju, capital of Later Baekje, to the ancestral seat of the Joseon royal house — where the Annals were saved and the Donghak army took the fortress

  • GwangjuAD 685 – 1980

    Mujinju, where Gyeon Hwon first rose — city of the 1929 student independence movement and the May 18 Democratic Uprising